Neurons communicate through a process involving both chemical and electrical communication:

Chemical Communication

When an electrical impulse (action potential) reaches the axon terminal, it triggers the release of neurotransmitters from vesicles into the synaptic cleft.

Neurotransmitters cross the synaptic cleft and bind to receptors on the postsynaptic neuron, leading to changes in the postsynaptic cell's membrane potential.

Electrical Communication

Neurons generate electrical impulses known as action potentials. These impulses travel along the axon due to the movement of ions (such as sodium and potassium) across the neuron's membrane.

The action potential propagates along the axon through the opening and closing of ion channels, ultimately reaching the axon terminal and triggering the release of neurotransmitters.

By combining these processes, neurons can effectively transmit information across complex networks, enabling the brain and nervous system to perform their functions.