Module 1 Part 4: Disorders Associated with Childbirth
Postpartum depression is a severe form of depression that occurs after childbirth. It goes beyond the "baby blues," which are milder and typically resolve within two weeks after delivery. PPD can start anytime within the first year after childbirth and includes symptoms such as severe mood swings, excessive crying, difficulty bonding with the baby, withdrawal from family and friends, and thoughts of harming oneself or the baby.
Postpartum anxiety involves excessive worrying and fear that can interfere with daily activities. Mothers with PPA may experience constant worry about the baby's health, safety, and well-being, experience panic attacks, or have physical symptoms such as dizziness, hot flashes, and nausea.
Postpartum psychosis is a rare but severe mental health condition that typically develops within the first two weeks after childbirth. It includes symptoms such as hallucinations, delusions, manic behavior, paranoia, and confusion. This condition is a medical emergency and requires immediate treatment.
Some women may develop PTSD following a traumatic childbirth experience. Symptoms include flashbacks, nightmares, severe anxiety, and uncontrollable thoughts about the event. Factors contributing to this condition can include emergency C-sections, severe complications, or a sense of loss of control during delivery.
Postpartum OCD involves intrusive, repetitive thoughts and behaviors. Mothers with postpartum OCD may have obsessive thoughts about harm coming to the baby and may engage in compulsive behaviors to reduce the perceived risk. This can be highly distressing and interfere with daily functioning.
Postpartum bipolar disorder involves episodes of mania and depression. Women with a history of bipolar disorder are at an increased risk of experiencing these episodes postpartum. Symptoms of mania can include elevated mood, increased energy, and impulsive behavior, while depressive episodes can involve feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and fatigue.