Cognition in Mid and Late Adulthood

Mid Adulthood

Fluid vs. Crystallized Intelligence: Fluid intelligence, which involves problem-solving and reasoning, tends to decline, while crystallized intelligence, which relies on accumulated knowledge and experience, generally remains stable or even improves.

Memory: Episodic memory may begin to decline, but semantic memory and procedural memory often remain stable.

Late Adulthood

Cognitive Decline: More pronounced declines in processing speed, working memory, and executive functioning. However, many older adults compensate for these declines by using their experience and knowledge.

Neuroplasticity: Although the brain's plasticity decreases, it still exists, and engaging in cognitive activities can help maintain cognitive functions.